microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? B. The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. Officially known as the Track Write, the automatically expanding full-sized keyboard used by the ThinkPad 701 is designed by inventor John Karidis. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. Developed by the Japanese government to create global climate models, the Earth Simulator is a massively parallel, vector-based system that costs nearly 60 billion yen (roughly $600 million at the time). The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. Micral Computer: Everything You Need To Know Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory. high interaction between students and the teacher. The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. 25. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? Constructed at MITs Lincoln Laboratory, the TX-0 moved to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where it hosted some early imaginative tests of programming, including writing a Western movie shown on television, 3-D tic-tac-toe, and a maze in which a mouse found martinis and became increasingly inebriated. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. With a distinctive anodized aluminum case, and hailed as the first true 64-bit personal computer, the Apple G5 is the most powerful Macintosh ever released to that point. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Computers | Timeline of Computer History | Computer History Museum selecting effective instructional software. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time and introduced the concept of virtual memory, that is, using a disk or drum as an extension of main memory. Information Management System Chapter 3 Quiz - CourseBB Completed in 1951, Whirlwind remains one of the most important computer projects in the history of computing. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. The TI 99/4 sold well and led to a series of TI follow-on machines. Dropout rates are higher in online courses. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet Which Software Was The First Available For Microcomputers? Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. CS 130.132 - Microcomputer Software Palm Inc., founded by Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins, originally created software for the Casio Zoomer personal data assistant. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. The last one was decommissioned in 1979. The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage? The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. 0.5 out of 0.5 points. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. The World Wide Web was invented in the 90s The first digital computing services were invented in the The first commercial computers were available in First PCs in the First Cell phones in the 1940s 1950 80s 90s The first computer was designed to fire missles A "Bug" is used to describe The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. That goes back thousands of years, of course, and you can guess how they did it. Gene Amdahl, father of the IBM System/360, starts his own company, Amdahl Corporation, to compete with IBM in mainframe computer systems. For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. 2.4 trillion. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. When Xerox PARC loaned the Stanford Engineering Department an entire Alto Ethernet network with laser printer, graduate student Andy Bechtolsheim re-designed it into a prototype that he then attached to Stanfords computer network. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. It was used to model the decay of the US nuclear arsenal, analyze financial data, and render 3D medical images in real-time. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. Its price was $2,500. Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. D. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. The C64, as it is better known, sells for $595, comes with 64 KB of RAM and features impressive graphics. Microsoft Apps Total Cards. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. Applications that came as part of the package included MacPaint, which made use of the mouse, and MacWrite, which demonstrated WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processing. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. false. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. The device was considered the earliest non-kit personal computer. Term. In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. [21] The first stored-program computers [ edit] Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. Follow-on versions of the Kindle added further audio-video capabilities. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. Programmer Arthur Samuels used the 701 to write the first computer program designed to play checkers. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. When connected to a color television set, the Apple II produced brilliant color graphics for the time. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. It was transferred to the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1 Flashcards It was one of the first commercially available relational database management systems for microcomputers. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. Dollars. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second. The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. If a student is creating within Minecraft or Sims, what type of computer programming products are they designing and making? Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. The success of the VAX family of computers transformed DEC into the second-largest computer company in the world, as VAX systems became the de facto standard computing system for industry, the sciences, engineering, and research. Oddly, the company doesn't use the term in its marketing, preferring instead to refer to the microcomputer (which it calls a "Micom") that implements the fuzzy logic. Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. CHAPTER 1 questions & answers for quizzes and worksheets - Quizizz
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