In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. In the words of the popular song Miners Lifeguard, written by a miner from Oak Hill, West Virginia: A miners life is like a sailors, ), carriages, cribs, high chairs, etc. Police department personnel salaries and wages. Managements steam whistle now set the times. Red Ash mine was also the location of a disaster in 1900, which killed forty-six miners. Compares 1927 and 1913 earnings. Priced by the single unit. Shows the average weekly hours and hourly wages for workers in the boot and shoe industry. Using a thin iron needle about the thickness of a pencil, he shoved a cartridge of black powder into the hole and pushed a little clay into the hole with a damper; then he carefullywithdrew the needle and inserted a wick of waxed paper, a squib, that would burn down to the black powder. Wages are shown in German marks. Sporting goods: Shows the changes in wages of united Illinois coal miners following a labor agreement. This calculator allows you to compare the buying power of wages earned at different points in history. The industry has been in slow decline ever since, compounded along the way by the rise of steam engines, mechanized extraction methods, and competition from oil and natural gas, and now renewable energy. Tax covers both land and buildings. The region's first coal miners primarily were African Americans, both enslaved and free. An experienced miner would often work calmly under conditions that would terrify a novice, wrote a veteran of the bituminous mines. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. About half of the surveyed penal institutions gave prisoners some compensation, based on its use as incentive toward good work and better behavior, and to provide the convict with a small way to provide for his family. Source: U.S. Dept of Agriculture. Source: Source: BLS Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1931 edition. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Shows brand names. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages for various occupations in 6 different industries in Japan. Prices shown in marks. Some picked slate and other debris out of the coal on fast-moving conveyor belts. Shows average wages (with and without board) by province. Still he ventures to be brave. Source: BLS. The veteran miners, who prided themselves on their toughness, taught the youngest ones how to act like men, how to ignore the pain, and how to laugh away their fears. The wage data is broken out by sex. This table covers pages 357-360 in this source. Prices are shown in Latvian rubles. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages for workers in different occupations in French coal mines. Purchasing power is represented in its equivalence in horses, wheat, the yearly wages of a skilled tradesperson, and others. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of food and commodities in various cities throughout south Manchuria. Report published in 1927 includes extensive wage data for women in Tennessee by race, industry, education, and more, circa 1925. Coal mine owners and superintendents rarely went underground. Stealing another mans coal was considered a terrible crime. A thief could commit this offense easily, simply by removing one miners brass check from his coal car and replacing it with his own; but the miners often detected this kind of trickery and banded together to demand the thiefs termination. Mr. Managers worried about competition, costs, and controlling workers who spoke multiple languages and labored out of view. Wages are shown in shillings. Beds and mattresses, bedroom furniture, pillows, bedding. Source: BLS, Shows the wages of a variety of occupations both in and outside of Copenhagen, Denmark. Source: BLS. Every three or four hundred feet, passageways were cut, creating narrower, corridor-like rooms that led to a coal face where each miner and his buddy worked in their own room. The colliers left large pillars of coal standing as they cut the face forward and sideways through breakthroughs that led to parallel rooms. Gasoline cost an average21.7 per gallon in 1929. Table shows average 1929 and 1931 weekly wages of full-time store employees, managers, and supervisors by kind and size of chain and location. Before the 1930s, many boys worked in mines. Source: BLS, Shows wages of various industrial and agricultural gender, in both Romanian leu and contemporary U.S. dollars. Prices are shown in Hungarian crowns. Shows the daily wages of various common and low-skill occupations like building laborers, canners, and rice mill workers throughout the state. Source: page 13 in. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly, daily, and weekly earnings in Milan for various industries. Source: BLS, Shows prices of dozens of food and grocery items, soap, coal, wood by the cord, matches by the box and, Shows the amount spent by a typical Canadian family on food, laundry, fuel/lighting, and rent over time. Source: Click "more" for direct links to each occupation. 514. Source: You may download a pdf version of the 1928, Hotel rates are shown in the advertisements in. During the early 1900s, roof falls in the bituminous coal mines killed an average of 886 workers every year, as compared with the 274 deaths per year caused by explosions and fires. Wages are shown in both Chervonetz roubles and contemporary U.S. dollars. Source: BLS. Published by the National Industrial Conference Board. Shows police department salaries for cities over 100,000 population. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930). Source: Federal Power Commission. A trapper like Frank had to pay close attention to his duties, opening and closing the doors regularly to keep the air moving and to allow coal cars to pass back and forth. Between 12th and 14th Streets Source: AAUP report. By 1854, forty-six percent of all American pig iron had been smelted with anthracite coal as a fuel, and by 1860 anthracite's share of pig iron was more than fifty-six . for rural households in the U.S. and selected foreign countries. Lists annual pay for individuals occupying administrative and supervisory positions in the executive and judicial branches. Shows the average daily wages paid to masons, electricians, bricklayers, bakers, blacksmiths and more. Wages are shown in both German marks and contemporary U.S. dollars. U.S. coal mining employment change by state Q4 2011-Q4 2016 ; If a man died in a mine, they quit work to honor him and to take up a collection for his surviving wife and children. Source: 1930 Census of Agriculture. Source: Extensive article provides wage detail by occupation and city. Wages shows in 1930 US dollars. Even the most skilled miners could not detect the presence of kettle bottoms, the petrified remains of huge ancient tree trunks that could plunge through the roofs and crush workers. Its an era of company town labor we are not likely to see return as automation and renewable energy continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. Wages are shown in pounds, shillings, and pence. Source: Includes district-specific information and the average output of coal per person per shift. Wages are shown in Dutch guilder. Lists ticket prices in NYC, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland and eight more cities in NY, PA, OH and MA. Shows the changes in wages of united Illinois coal miners following a labor agreement. Shows average value for farm land and buildings from 1850-1982. Girl's: Average earnings by occupation and districts. Discussion covers the history of minimum wage legislation in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Canada, South Africa, Mexico, France, Norway, Argentina, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Uruguay, Hungary, Poland, Italy, and Rumania (Romania) up to 1928. Work clothes, work shirts, dress shirts, dress pants, trousers, vests, suits, dress gloves, overcoats, winter coats, fur caps and collars, neck ties, belts and suspenders, caps and hats, nightwear, socks, shoes, boots, pocket knives, pocket watches, toupes, razors, smoking pipes. Totals are shown in Canadian dollars. Hourly Rate. Lengthy article reports how much educators earned in Illinois' high schools in 1920-1921. over the years. Infant's: See table 164 for average annual wage. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages and hours of workers in 4 different industries in Madrid. The failure of a mine boss to dampen the coal dust was the reason the Red Ash mine blew up in 1905, killing thirteen men and boys on Fire Creek. Boys discovered that serious men turned into jokers when they toiled underground. His pictures also reflect a variegated experience in Appalachia, countering stereotypes by depicting middle-class miners, racial diversity, and community pride. UK coal industry employment 1920-2021 | Statista Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Shows weekly wages for male and female workers in common industries such as textile manufacture and mining, and also more uncommon like ice cream manufacture and hospitality services. Manufacturing wages -- SEE box further below. Coal Miners Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginia's population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages for various occupations in Tokyo. Religious organizations -Salaries, 1929in. Wages are shown in both Italian lire and contemporary U.S. dollars. Before the days of electric cars, many boys served as mule drivers. Men's: Board a ship to cross the wave; Washington, D.C. Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy & Terms of Use), The American Twins, Harpers Weekly, 1874, African American History Curatorial Collective. Most of their houses had images of union president John L. Lewis, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Jesus. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of food, clothing, and fuel prices in Shanghai. Salt operators eventually hired more white or free-black laborers due to the risk of investing money in bondsmen, who frequently were killed or injured in the mines. Appalachias traditionally small, locally owned mines started merging with larger energy firms in the 1960s, and by 1970 bituminous coal employment had dropped to 140,000 people from its 1923 peak of 740,000. Shows the daily wages for 11 different occupations in Parahyba, Brazil. Since money wage rates of foreign countries have little meaning for economists in America, only the real wage rates are given.", Shows the average hourly and weekly wages of various occupations for both skilled and unskilled laborers. Source: Very simple table shows average hours and earnings for all production workers in manufacturing for each year from 1919-1960. Shows the average weekly and hourly wages of different occupations in the Missouri shoe industry between 1913-1922. Includes breakouts by state, source of income, and more. Meal time was cold, cramped, and wet. Report published in 1923 tells wages by race and by industry. Calvin & Hobbes creator Bill Watterson is back. Wages are expressed in both foreign currency and dollars. Data is broken out byoccupation, sex and district. Mine foremen attempted various forms of industrial discipline to maximize productivity, but in the early 1900s, coal miners experienced little of the supervision foremen and factory managers imposed on workers; in fact, veteran colliers often became surly when a mine foreman came by their place on his little scooter to check on them. When he lit the fuse, the lead miner hollered, Fire in the hole, and scuttled out of the room with his buddy. Telephones, radios, cameras, kitchen ranges, home electric appliances, record players, music records, sewing machines, fabrics, clothes washers, laundry supplies, vacuum sweepers. Email: concannonm@missouri.edu Some occupations covered include telephone operators, waitresses, hotel maids, chambermaids, elevator girls, laundry workers, retail clerks, and factory workers in the wood working industry. For example, the 1920 volume gives rates in Ohio and Minnesota, Illinois and Indiana, and more. Average weekly earnings of male and female workers in the British cotton industry are shown at four periods of time in 1924. The strongest, most efficient men earned the most money at the end of the day. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs and other necessities in Greece. Handkerchiefs, slippers, watches, umbrellas, hair brushes and combs, Christmas decorations. After the top fell, they returned to break and load the fallen coal before another layer of the top came crashing down with a tremendous roar. Created by Grove Atlantic and Electric Literature, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), A Novel of Putin's Russia That Got Its Writer Beaten Up, What Should You Read Next? Arthur Lewis. Covers elementary, junior high, and high school teachers in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Table shows average cost to rent houses by the number of rooms in each of 25 New Zealand cities and towns. The following is from James Greens The Devil is Here in These Hills. With industrialization, workers lost control of when to start, eat, and end their day. Coffee cost an average 47 per pound in 1920. Source: BLS. Compensationby job titlefor New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, San Francisco and more cities. Prices are shown in German marks. Coal Miners - West Virginia Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. An increase in annual vacation pay was also stipulated.Wage Chronology: Bituminous . Source: BLS. Former Timeline picture editor. During the Great Depression output was nearly halved from 680 million tons to 360 million. Source: Shows wages, hours and earnings for mechanics, pipe fitters, welders, tinsmiths derrick men, drillers, firemen, engineers and more. Nothing was the answer, nothing but the miserable life he and his family endured living inrented shanties hard on the railroad tracks. During the first three decades of the 20th century, African Americans comprised about 25 percent of all southern West Virginia miners. Dining room furniture, silverware, dish sets. How Thatcher broke the miners' strike but at what cost? Every day his lifes in danger, At suppertime, youngsters like Frank would sit with the men on a pile of slate and listen as veterans of the mine would sing songs, spin yarns, and tell jokes; they would rib the boys, trick them for laughs, and tell them tall tales of the devilish apparitions that appeared to them down in the hole. The laborer's work is often made difficult by the water and rock which are found' in large quantities in coal veins. Separate listings forinspectors, police superintendents, captains, sergeants, privates, etc. Source: BLS. Mostly covers manufacturing industries (tobacco was prominent), but there is some data for women who worked in mercantile stores, 5-and10-cent stores, and in laundries. Tables are broken down by type of job, gender of employee, and geography. Prices are shown in Spanish pesetas. Source: Cost of living and family expenditures in Kentucky, Tennessee and Texas. Income statistics of full time professional women were published in study by the Association of Business and Professional Women. Shows the average daily wages of workers in various industries in Riga as well as other parts of Latvia. Literary giants have thoughts on the new edits to Roald Dahl's works. Farm laborers in Missouri earned an average $41.90/month in 1921. Source: BLS, Shows the minimum hourly wages of various occupations in Brussels. Wages are shown in 1931 US dollars. Shows annual salaries for all school personnel in Texas without breakouts for occupation, years of training, years of experience, etc. 8836. Coal Miners (Pay) (Hansard, 27 November 1973) Shows the wages of Japanese mining workers by gender and age. Shows salaries for sevenoccupations inpolice departments of 25American cities. Shows average annual expenditure for food, rent, clothing, and medical care per family member. Wages are shown in Danish ore. Wages on pages34-40. Another statute required employers to hire pit bosses to examine every working place in the mine, but only as often as practicable. A third rule required the managers to water the coal dust, but only when they detected a dangerous level of gas. Union wages by occupation and city, 1922-1928, Women's median wages by state and industry, 1910s-1920s, Cigarette packs - Average retail price by brand, 1929, Average college expenses and tuition by institution, 1928, Family budgets by income group, 1918-1930, https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/pricesandwages, Common labor - Average entrance wage rates, 1926-1934, Union wages by occupation and city, 1920-1921, Steam fitters' and sprinkler fitters' helpers, Structural-iron workers: finishers' helpers, Union wages by occupation and city, 1929-1930, Captains, masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Assistant gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Iron workers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Masons, bricklayers, and plasterers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Section laborers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Crossing and bridge flagmen and gatemen, War and postwar wages, prices, and hours, 1914-23 and 1939-44, Urban Negro weekly earnings by sex and occupational class, 1925, Negro wages by occupation - Chicago, 1920, Teacher salaries by race - North Carolina, 1922, Teacher salaries by race - Texas, 1925-1926, Accountants, auditors, bookkeepers, etc. This source lists actual salaries paid to administrators in various lines of business. Shows breakouts for automobile manufacture, cigar making, boots/shoe making, men's clothing, iron/steel and more. A man sometimes had to get down on his hands and knees, with his left shoulder, well padded, against the car, bracing himself with his toes against the ties and the dirt of the floor, wrote a former miner, while his partner controlled the brakes to keep the car from rolling back on the pusher if he slipped or grew tired. Back injuries, broken legs, and severed feet and fingers were common. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wage in both yen and US dollars. The mine foreman was legally responsible for safety. Source: "Income of Lawyers, 1929-1948" in the August 1949 issue of. Phone (573) 882-0748. Prices are shown in Swiss francs. Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933; Coal mining wages by state, 1923 Source: Miners' wages and the cost of coal: an inquiry into the wages system., pp. 2-4. When a miner and his helper approached the entry to their room, danger lurked in almost every move they made. Source: This short article about wages in Nanking, China reports barbers' earnings in US dollars. From, Average monthly wages by state,with and without board. asked the Secretary of State for Employment whether he will publish in the OFFICIAL REPORT as 89W detailed information as may be readily available showing the numbers and groupings of employees in the coal mines working at the surface and face, respectively, whose basic rates of pay on 1st November 1973 were below the national average wage of 42 per week ; and how far . Source: BLS. Source: BLS, Shows the average wages for an 8 hour work day in Riga within various industry groups. Coal miner Bill Keating composed the ballad Down, Down, Down to break my loneliness and to show my mule I was in a friendly mood., President John L. Lewis, United Mine Workers, convention badge, 1936. Typewriters, school supplies, office supplies, fountain pens, more fountain pens, books, drawing sets, home office furniture. Typically, workers could get an advance on pay, in company-issued paper currency, called scrip, or tokens to buy goods. But on some weeks, a miner might work only two or three days because the railroad failed to supply enough coal cars, or because the mine needed repairs. That the presidents persistent nostalgia for a yesteryear America had such visceral effect on rural voters only betrays the entrenched anxiety of a region where decline is a multi-generational way of life. A Latvian immigrant and devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Old Believers, Michael Simon wore this cross as he labored in Pennsylvania coal mines. Paragraph below the table describes the weekly earnings of blast furnace workers, smelters, rolling mill operators, and foundry workers in both Pounds Sterling and U.S. Discusses household expenditures for electricity, and estimates the number of homes that had various electrical appliances (radios, refrigerators, irons, etc.) Provides foreign wage data in native currency alongside the U.S. dollar equivalent to assist in comparing the rates. One task was to test for the build-up of flammable methane gas. Shows data for unskilled male laborers in each of 13 industries, as well as an overall average. Managers concentrated on business decisions, such as arranging transportation and selling their product. Coal operators often provided services like company stores. Source: BLS. Compares average retail prices for grocery items in independent stores and in chain stores. Typical compensation for directors, camera men, editors and more in, Shows typical earnings for reporters, feature writers, sports editors and others, in. Engineers working for Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Co. used this model to visualize the coal seams and design their mines. These deposits could produce firedamp, which contained methane and sometimes carbon dioxide that seeped out of the coal seams. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board (a group of industry associations) which used European government publications for information. Shows prices by month and year. There was little prospect then that coal would be in demand as it is today or that the daily wage of miners would be multiplied 8 to 10 times by 1974. Shows the income of each member of a Zurich household and the amount that household spent on various necessities like food, clothing, rent, etc. They designed complex ventilation systems with fans and interior doors to keep dangerous gases from causing explosions. Retreat mining required the rapid destruction of these pillars, each containing tons of valuable coal, before the mine collapsed. 7-8 in: Extensive, 219-page report published in the Bureau of Labor StatisticsBulletin no. Shows the average monthly wages of multiple occupation in the Alaskan fishing industry. Shows expenditures among rural Virginia families for food, housing, clothing, automobiles, health insurance, recreation, personal items and more. 1920, Home plans and costs to build in California, 1920, Retail prices of building materials by city, 1922, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1923-1924, Cost to construct houses, by type of material - 1921, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Farm real estate - Average value by state and county, 1920, Price of farm land by county in selected states, 1912-1924, New England farms and land - Average value by county, 1920-1930, Farm real estate values in Midwestern states, 1912-2019, Land in Missouri - Cost to rent or buy by county, 1922, Rents in working class neighborhoods in Cincinnati, 1920, Household heating fuel costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Electricity - Average monthly bill, 1924-1950, Household electricity costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Changes in retail prices of electricity, 1923-38, Car prices with illustrations, 1900-1920s, Gasoline prices andtaxes, and annual consumption per vehicle, 1920-1939, Horse-drawn carriages, buggies and accessories, 1920, Horse and mule prices by state, 1919-1920, City transit fares in NY, PA, OH and MA - 1927, Streetcar, omnibus and subway rates, 1926, Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933, RR ticket prices between NYC and Chicago, 1910-1944, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. This was the world Frank Keeney entered as a boy. Shows wage data by manufacturing categories for 1914, 1919, 1921, and 1923. Includes breakouts for those who lived with the family and those who did not. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. "The fees and cost of books, instruments, board, room, laundry and incidentals will hardly be less than $400 per session of thirty-two weeks." Source: BLS, Shows the wage scale for various occupations for Japanese and Chinese workers in Dairen. Inside workers are further classified as (1) miners and laborers who cut and load coal onto conveyors or into mine cars, and (2) all other employees whose occupations relate to transportation, timbering, pumping, ventilation, and other general underground work. Source: BLS. Wages are shown in both Hungarian gold crowns and contemporary U.S. dollars. Describes the labor policy of New Zealand in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Wages of pattern makers, molders, drill press operators, lathe hands, machinists and more. Ukrainian immigrant Nick Gurski began working in the Boone County coal mines in the 1920s. Study showed how much a family of five would need to live in Washington DC in 1920. Source: Shows the average hourly wages for various occupation both in and outside of Paris. Describes the labor policy of Canada in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Source: BLS, Shows the average pay for a 48 hour week throughout 5 different industries in Milan. by SEX Acquiring a sense of humor helped mask a workers dread of the mine, but joking was no substitute for learning how to be careful. The study pays particular attention to women who made less than the average wage. Instead of paying miners by the ton, they hired them as employees and paid an hourly wage. The miners world was dark and dangerous. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Source: BLS. Green miners like Frank Keeney also learned that surviving underground required men to depend upon each other and to honor the wisdom of the most experienced men. Shows wages by occupation grouped by industries, with breakouts for males and females. Despite significant danger, miners received little compensation for injuries. Coal mining wages - Illinois, 1920. Wiki User. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Under other circumstances, mine tops fell without warning. The miners dressed in overalls, or bank clothes, for working the coal banks and wore cloth caps fitted with small oil lamps that lit their way in the tunnels. Shows wages paid on American, Belgian, British, Danish, Dutch, French, Spanish and Swedish cargo ships, by occupations including seamen, engineers, first mates, second mates, radio operators, boatswains, firemen, coal passers, stewards, cooks, waiters, messmen, mess boys, carpenters, deck engineers, quartermasters, store keepers, donkey men, and more. Shows average value of mortgaged homes, average debt remaining on the mortgages and average interest paid on mortgages annually, for 68 cities of 100,000 or more population. The US Coal Industry in the Nineteenth Century School and office supplies: Boy's: Shows average charge per case for appendicitis, childbirth, heart troubles, cancer, dental problems and more. Salary data for teachers, principals and school administrators in New York City, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago and Kansas City. The regions first coal miners primarily were African Americans, both enslaved and free. Chart shows median wages of women employed in Philadelphia households as chambermaids, cleaners, cooks, waitresses, laundress, seamstress, and children's nurses (nannies.) From, Earnings forveterinarians with governmentjobs, in scientific labs, in sales, or working as. After checking in, they climbed up a steep trail from the office to the portal of a mine. Musical instruments: After a temporary escape to attend grammar school, it was the world he reentered in 1900 as an eighteen-year-old man willing and able to load coal for a miners pay. Immigrants in southern West Virginia comprised some 25 nationalities, including Italians, Hungarians, Poles, Austrians and Russians. Scroll forward and back to see the various cities for which average food prices are available.
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