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These include flags displayed in states; cities, towns and counties; schools, colleges and universities; private organizations and associations; and individuals. ISBN978-0-8061-5575-3, modern display of the Confederate battle flag, private and official use of the Confederate flags, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Provisional Congress of the Confederate States, Modern display of the Confederate battle flag, "What you should know about the Confederate flag's evolution", "The Second Confederate National Flag (Flags of the Confederacy)", "The Third Confederate National Flag (Flags of the Confederacy)", "Nicola Marschall: Excerpts from "The German Artist Who Designed the Confederate Flag and Uniform", "First Confederate Flag and Its Designer O.R. This is the actual Stars & Bars, first official flag of the Confederate States of America, specifically the 13-star version which flew from 1861 to 1863: Confederate Stars & Bars ( public domain) The design of the Stars and Bars varied over the following two years. Despite the 9:14 proportions established by the Confederate War Department, other civilian makers of the Stars & Bars soon gravitated to different proportions that included 2:3, 3:5, and 1:2. Stars and bars - Wikipedia They traveled to New Orleans from Ontario to unveil the flag. Three horizontal stripes of equal height, alternating red and white, with a blue square two-thirds the height of the flag as the canton. The pattern and colors of this flag did not distinguish it sharply fom the Stars and Stripes of the Union. "[11], The flag is also known as the Stainless Banner, and the matter of the person behind its design remains a point of contention. First National Confederate Flag - "Stars and Bars" J. Hardee. Jefferson Davis State Historic Site & Museum. The flags that were actually produced by the Richmond Clothing Depot used the 1.5:1 ratio adopted for the Confederate navy's battle ensign, rather than the official 2:1 ratio. [44][45][46], The fledgling Confederate States Navy adopted and used several types of flags, banners, and pennants aboard all CSN ships: jacks, battle ensigns, and small boat ensigns, as well as commissioning pennants, designating flags, and signal flags. Thereafter, the number of stars continued to increase until Tennessee gained her seat as the 11th State on 2 July 1861. Within the blue saltire were seven white stars, representing the current seven states of the Confederacy, two on each of the left arms, one of each of the right arms, and one in the middle. But once Reconstructionended in 1877, white Southerners hastened to restore what they saw as their rightful place at the top of a racially segregated social order. A young . The winner of the competition was Nicola Marschall's "Stars and Bars" flag. During the Civil War, some of the units from Louisiana and Texas adopted the Bonnie Blue flag as their official banner of the Confederacy. The "Stars and Bars" caused much confusion on the battlefield because of its similarity to the United States flag, the "Stars and Stripes." The Confederate Army never had an official battle flag. A lithograph from 1897 displays four prominent designs of the Confederate flag and states that the images "help in keeping within us recollections of those who gave their lives to the 'Lost Cause,' and to perpetuate the memories and traditions of the South.". [49], Though never having historically represented the Confederate States of America as a country, nor having been officially recognized as one of its national flags, the Battle Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia and its variants are now flag types commonly referred to as the Confederate Flag. Pentagon tells service members to stop displaying giant US flags at In 1816, the command operated in Missouri and Arkansas but was transferred to Northern Mississippi. The 7 Best Bars Around La Brea, Los Angeles - Culture Trip STARS AND BARS Images of 11 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. It is historically also known as Memorial Hall. The similarity between the stars and bars and the stars and strips caused many cases of mistaken identity during the first battle of Manassas or Bull Run in July of 1861. Only 13 flags, however, had been delivered to Major J.B. McClelland at Richmond by the battle of 1st Manassas (Bull Run), and none of these may have been distributed to the Army at Centreville before the battle. In addition to the Confederacy's national flags, a wide variety of flags and banners were flown by Southerners during the Civil War. Heritage or no, the Confederate flag retains its associations with centuries of racial injustice. The Dixiecrat-era fad flag stoked its sale on everything from T-shirts to mugs and bumper stickers. In 2015, the flag came roaring back into the national consciousness when a white supremacist killed nine churchgoers at the Emanuel AME Church in Charleston, South Carolina. That flag was a blue St George's Cross (an upright or Latin cross) on a red field, with 15 white stars on the cross, representing the slave-holding states,[38][39] and, on the red field, palmetto and crescent symbols. ", "Gen. Beauregard suggested the flag just adopted, or else a field of blue in place of the white." 2nd National Confederate Flag 2nd National Confederate Flag - Cotton 12 x 18 inch A Confederate battle flag distinct from the flag of the Confederacy, the "Stars and Bars," was created following the first major battle of the Civil War, at Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia, in July 1861, because in the heat of battle soldiers and commanders confused the Stars and Bars with the Union army's "Stars and Stripes." Pinterest. [13] The Columbia-based Daily South Carolinian observed that it was essentially a battle flag upon a flag of truce and might send a mixed message. "[40], According to Coski, the Saint Andrew's Cross (also used on the flag of Scotland as a white saltire on a blue field) had no special place in Southern iconography at the time. flag of the Confederate States of America - Encyclopedia Britannica [50][51][52] It is also known as the rebel flag, Dixie flag, and Southern cross. Stars and bars may refer to: Stars and Bars (flag), the first (1861-1863) flag of the Confederate States of America Stars and Bars (1988 film), 1988 comedy starring Daniel Day-Lewis Stars and Bars (1917 film), 1917 silent film comedy directed by Victor Heerman When the American Civil War broke out, the "Stars and Bars" confused the battlefield at the First Battle of Bull Run because of its similarity to the U.S. (or Union) flag, especially when it was hanging limp on its flagstaff. The blue flag with the circle of white told the Yankees that they facing the troops of Gen. Wm. 04 Mar 2023 21:30:08 Modern display of the Confederate battle flag - Wikipedia Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos. The chairman was William Porcher Miles, who was also the Representative of South Carolina in the Confederate House of Representatives. The 12th star represented Missouri. Confederate National flag of Fort McAllister, Confederate National Flag captured from Fort Jackson, Battle flag of the 11th Mississippi Infantry Regiment used at Antietam, Surrender flag of Army of Northern Virginia. Since the end of the Civil War, private and official use of the Confederate flags, particularly the battle flag, has continued amid philosophical, political, cultural, and racial controversy in the United States. STARS AND BARS Images of Lone Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. He did not share in the nostalgia for the Union that many of his fellows Southerners felt, believing that the South's flag should be completely different from that of the North. Similarly the patriotic ladies of the South who prepared most of the company and regimental flags for the military units raised in the Southern states chose whatever proportions and sizes seemed aesthetic. Nonetheless both were still represented in the Confederate Congress and had Confederate shadow governments composed of deposed former state politicians. As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of white stars on the ensign's dark blue canton: seven-, nine-, eleven-, and thirteen-star groupings were typical. It was flown forward aboard all Confederate warships while they were anchored in port. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. Sign In . First National Pattern Confederate Flag - Rockingham Community College [11], Initial reaction to the second national flag was favorable, but over time it became criticized for being "too white." [37] Also, Confederate regiments carried many other flags, which added to the possibility of confusion. Stars and Bars (final version) These animals can sniff it out. ", The square "battle flag" is also properly known as "the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia". One Congressman even mocked it as looking "like a pair of Suspenders". (Physical symbols of white supremacy are coming down. Our historical flags are unsurpassed in quality and authenticity. STARS AND BARS Images of the first Confederate national flag with more than 13 stars. The . Copy link. It was designed by Prussian -American artist Nicola Marschall in Marion, Alabama, and is said to resemble the Flag of Austria, with which Marschall would have been familiar. Its popularity persisted, and over the ensuing decades, the battle flag became a generic symbol of rebellion spotted on TV shows like The Dukes of Hazzardand on stage with bands likeLynyrd Skynyrd. On 4 March 1861 the Confederate States of America adopted its first national flag, the "Stars and Bars", and raised it over the dome of the temporary capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.. How Long After the Battle of First Manassas did the various battle flags replace the Stars and Bars or did they ever entirely replace it? 1st National Confederate Flag 7 Star Stars and Bars Confederate Cotton Flag 5 x 8 ft. $ 149.95. / Forwarded to Montgomery, Ala. Feb 12, 1861, / Adopted by the Provisional Congress March 4, 1861". The Stars and Bars, which the Confederate Congress had adopted in March 1861 because it resembled the once-beloved Stars and Stripes, proved impractical and even dangerous on the battlefield because of that resemblance. 1st National Confederate Flag - 13 Star - Stars and Bars - Cotton READ MORE This particular battle ensign was the only example taken around the world, finally becoming the last Confederate flag lowered in the Civil War; this happened aboard the commerce raider CSS Shenandoah in Liverpool, England, on November 7, 1865. In July 1944, one month after the Allies stormed the beaches of Normandy, the 79th Infantry Division drove Nazi troops out of the French town La Haye-du-Puits. The first flag was raised over the capitol in Montgomery by Miss Letitia Christian Tyler, the granddaughter of President John Tyler. [15], A monument in Louisburg, North Carolina, claims the "Stars and Bars" "was designed by a son of North Carolina / Orren Randolph Smith / and made under his direction by / Catherine Rebecca (Murphy) Winborne. The Committee began a competition to find a new national flag, with an unwritten deadline being that a national flag had to be adopted by March 4, 1861, the date of President Lincoln's inauguration. On April 23, 1863, the Savannah Morning News editor William Tappan Thompson, with assistance from William Ross Postell, a Confederate blockade runner, published an editorial championing a design featuring the battle flag on a white background he referred to later as "The White Man's Flag," a name which never caught on. "Neither Arkansas nor Missouri enacted legislation to adopt an official State flag" (Cannon 2005, p. 48). The first official flag of the confederacy was the Stars and Bars, and was reported to the provisional congress of the C.S. national flag consisting of white stars (50 since July 4, 1960) on a blue canton with a field of 13 alternating stripes, 7 red and 6 white. Their cantons bore eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle. Why are there 13 stars on Confederate flags? Gen. Earl Van Dorn adapted a red banner with stars and crescent moon as the battle flag for his command. In the early months of the War, the Confederate War Department relied exclusively on the patriotic effusion of the ladies of the South for the unit colors of the units that assembled in Richmond during the Spring and Summer of 1861. No seven star Confederate flags survive from these states. The stars and bars flag Stock Videos - alamy.com Patroitism is Not a Pejorative : This ain't Hell, but you can see it HistorianWilliam Sturkey, an associate professor at the University of North Carolina and author of Hattiesburg: An American City in Black and White, says that racists turn to the symbol again and again when they feel embattled and threatened. In the center of the union a circle of white stars corresponding in number with the States in the Confederacy. The flag was issued in the fall of 1861. Buy Today. It was not unusual to visit a Civil War reenactment and see the groups selling bowls of beans for $3.00 with the proceeds going toward the flag conservation program. The Confederate Congress specified that the new design be a white field "with the union (now used as the battle flag) to be a square of two-thirds the width of the flag, having the ground red; thereupon a broad saltire of blue, bordered with white, and emblazoned with mullets or five-pointed stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate States. Thus, there would have been 7 stars from 4 March 1861 until 7 May 1861, when Virginia became the 8th Confederate State by Act of Congress. The Atlantic. and the later Sons of Confederate Veterans, (S.C.V. Ships chandlers, Henry Vaughan in Mobile, Alabama and Hugh Vincent in Charleston, South Carolina, accepted orders to manufacture Confederate 1st national flags of these sizes. Measures: 3 feet by 5 feet FLAG QUALITY AND USES Standard Quality Construction: Super-weave polyester - Our most popular quality level Flags of the Confederate States of America - Wikipedia The first national flag of the Confederacy with thirteen stars was used until May 1, 1863. The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, How cosmic rays helped find a tunnel in Egypt's Great Pyramid, Who first rode horses? Such flags had been part of United States Army Regulations since 1835. [31] Gray stated that the white field represented "purity, truth, and freedom. There were three bars on the flag, two red and one white, and thus the popular name "Stars and Bars." First Flag of the Confederate States of America, March 4, 1861 The seven stars represent the seven original states: South Carolina; Mississippi; Florida; Alabama; Georgia; Louisiana and Texas. (How the assassination of Medgar Evers galvanized the civil rights movement.). The Confederate "Stars & Bars" Is Still the Flag of One US State But the battle flag has since been claimed by white supremacists and mythologized by others as an emblem of a rebellious Southern heritage. Notable examples include the flag that adorned the coffin of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, that of the Washington Artillery, famed artillery unit of New Orleans, the First Florida Infantry which saw action along side many Louisiana units at Shiloh, and the Sixth Louisiana (Orleans Rifles) embroidered with the inscription Let Us Alone, Trust In God. There is an active flag restoration program and donors may contribute funds to be used toward the restoration of any flag. Interestingly, a significant number of Tennessee company and regimental 1st national flags were made of silk and were of very large size, often exceeding 8 feet on their flys. The protesters were demanding diverse hiring and were boycotting the area's stores. p. 211. While no standard proportions or sizes prevailed nationwide in the Confederate States of America, a survey of 112 identified company or regimental flags from the cis-Mississippi states that conform to the pattern of the Confederate 1st national flag does indicate that several regional variations do predominate. After the battle, General P. G. T. Beauregard wrote that he was "resolved then to have [our flag] changed if possible, or to adopt for my command a 'Battle flag', which would be Entirely different from any State or Federal flag". Despite the official pattern and numbers, however, individual examples of the Stars and Bars varied greatly, with numbers of stars ranging from 1 to 17, and star patterns varying greatly beyond the officially sanctioned circle. When does spring start? STARS AND BARS Images of 12 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. The Flags of the Old Dominion Guards, 1st Louisiana Infantry (Dreuxs Battn.) Most famously, the "Bonnie Blue Flag" was used as an unofficial flag during the early months of 1861. LEE. Although less well known than the "Confederate Battle Flags",the Stars and Bars was used as the official flag of the Confederacy from March 1861 to May of 1863. Four camp colors or flank markers accompanied each of these national colors. What if we could clean them out? As historian John M. Coski writes, Confederate heritage organizations insisted that the flag was rightfully theirs and stood only for the honor of their ancestors. At the same time, however, the symbol was publicly claimed by those who challenged Black peoples humanitypeople like Byron De La Beckwith, a Mississippi white supremacist who murdered civil rights activistMedgar Evers in 1963 and who wore a Confederate flag pin on hislapel throughout his 1994trial. Although this design was never a national flag, it is the most commonly recognized symbol of the Confederacy. Even a few fourteen- and fifteen-starred ensigns were made to include states expected to secede but never completely joined the Confederacy. But given the popular support for a flag similar to the U.S. flag ("the Stars and Stripes" originally established and designed in June 1777 during the Revolutionary War), the "Stars and Bars" design was approved by the committee.[17]. Over the course of the flag's use by the CSA, additional stars were added to the canton, eventually bringing the total number to thirteen-a reflection of the Confederacy's claims of having admitted the border states of Kentucky and Missouri, where slavery was still widely practiced. When rebels fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861, theyflew a blue banner with a single white star called the Bonnie Blue Flag. This firm, on open market purchases, supplied Confederate 1st national flags to at least seven units in the District of South Carolina between 8 August 1862 and 10 February 1863. Unit abbreviations on two of the surviving flags were applied with separately cut and applied red cotton letters. "Southern Confederacy" (Atlanta, Georgia), 5 Feb 1865, pg 2. It was never the official flag of the Confederacy. It was designed by Prussian-American artist Nicola Marschall in Marion, Alabama, and is said to resemble the Flag of Austria, with which Marschall would have been familiar. The Southern Cross still has plenty of supporters who insist their love of the flag is about heritage, not hate. In a 2019 survey of nearly 35,000 U.S. adults, polling firm YouGovfound that although a plurality of Americans (41 percent) think the flag symbolizes racism, 34 percent think it symbolizes heritage. In addition to the 112 1st national flags from states east of the Mississippi, a number of Confederate 1st national flags from the trans-Mississippi region have also been surveyed. This bunting was placed in the hands of Richmond military goods dealer, George Ruskell. Kentucky), and even from Union states (such as New York). Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a distinct battle flag. The flag that Miles had favored when he was chairman of the "Committee on the Flag and Seal" eventually became the battle flag and, ultimately, the Confederacy's most popular flag. Was there a cavalry size Army of Northern Virginia battle flag? With the war over, the South entered Reconstruction, a period during which the now reunified United States ended slavery and gave Black Americans citizenship and voting rights. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? Men fly a massive Confederate flag during a Black Lives Matter protest in Charleston, South Carolina, in August, 2020. When a mob of armed insurgents flooded the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, they brought an accessory: the Confederate battle flag. The identification stuck, and the flags use proliferated. The flag had become big businessand led a double life both as a nostalgic symbol and a deeply evocative banner of racism. [53] The "rebel flag" is considered by some to be a highly divisive and polarizing symbol in the United States. were conserved soon after. Many restored flags are always on display. The ANV was never the official flag of the Confederacy and was not called The Stars and Bars. On the border of Fairfax, Beverly Grove, and La Brea, Blue Collar serves up Art Deco and noir vibes. This caused major problems at the July 1861 Battle of First Manassas and during other skirmishes as some troops mistakenly fired on their own comrades. "A surviving Georgia flag in the collection of the, Bonner, Robert E., "Flag Culture and the Consolidation of Confederate Nationalism. The "Stars and Bars" flag was only selected by the Congress of March 4, 1861, the day of the deadline. Judging from the $12.00 price that Ruskell later received for a bunting Confederate 1st national that was 6 feet long on the fly, it is thought that the 43 flags that he delivered in July and August were 4 feet on their hoist by 6 feet on their fly with eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle or ellipse. But it didnt look like that from a distanceand in the thick of battle, it was hard to tell the two apart. The Bonnie Blue Flag is on the right. Three of the flags from Alabama units bore a circle of seven stars. When rebels fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861, they flew a blue banner with a single white star called the Bonnie Blue Flag. As historian Caroline E. Janneynotes, the Lost Cause myth came about immediately after the war as Confederates struggled to come to terms with their defeat in a postwar climate of economic, racial, and social uncertainty.. FIRST NATIONAL FLAGS FOR THE CONFEDERATE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Flags Collection - Confederate Museum on the subject of Regimental or badge flags made of red with two blue bars crossing each other diagonally on which shall be introduced the stars, We would then on the field of battle know our friends from our Enemies.[18]. In 1989 friends of Memorial Hall paid for the conservation of a Confederate Battle Flag given to the museum by Rene Beauregard, son of General PGT Beauregard. [12], Flag of Alabama (obverse)(January 11, 1861), Flag of Alabama (reverse)(January 11, 1861), Flag of South Carolina (January 26, 1861), Cherokee Braves Regiment (modern-day Oklahoma)[citation needed], Flag of the Choctaw Brigade (modern-day Oklahoma) (adopted in 1860)[citation needed], Flag of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation[citation needed], Flag made for the Confederate Seminole (reconstruction; exact shades and layout unknown)[36]. PDF The State Flag of Georgia: The 1956 Change In Its Historical Context From the heartland of the Confederacy (Tennessee and Kentucky) 18 identified flags were surveyed. Note, this is not to be confused with the Confederate Battle Flag. The distance between the stars decreased as the number of states increased, reaching thirteen when the secessionist factions of Kentucky and Missouri joined in late 1861. Native American Flags. A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. The thirteen stars stand for the thirteen states that were part of the Confederacy. William Miles delivered a speech supporting the simple white design that was eventually approved. The stars are usually arranged in a circle and number seven or more. As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of stars: two were added for Virginia and Arkansas in May 1861, followed by two more representing Tennessee and North Carolina in July, and finally two more for Missouri and Kentucky (while the legality of Missouri's secession is contested, neither states partisan governments achieved substantive territory or population). Enterprise. These flags show a high preponderance of flags with thirteen and fifteen stars, with most arranged in a circle around a center star, either of the same size or larger than the balance of the stars. If Miles had not been eager to conciliate the Southern Jews, his flag would have used the traditional upright "Saint George's Cross" (as used on the flag of England, a red cross on a white field). Second national flag (May 1, 1863 March 4, 1865), 2:1 ratio, Second national flag (May 1, 1863 March 4, 1865), also used as the Confederate navy's ensign, 3:2 ratio, A 12-star variant of the Stainless Banner produced in, Variant captured following the Battle of Painesville, 1865, Third national flag (after March 4, 1865), Third national flag as commonly manufactured, with a square canton, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 18:54. The Truth About Confederate History: Part 1 | Snopes.com It was sometimes called "Beauregard's flag" or "the Virginia battle flag". Although the creating legislation for the national flag adopted by the Confederate Provisional Congress on 4 March 1861 did not specify the proportions that the new national flag was to follow, the Confederate War Department shortly afterward determined on the sizes for the military garrison and storm flags. This new flag spread quickly in use across the South, even beyond the borders of the seven States of the CSA. Quick View. "[32], Regardless of who truly originated the Stainless Banner's design, whether by heeding Thompson's editorials or Beauregard's letter, the Confederate Congress officially adopted the Stainless Banner on May 1, 1863. Historian Gaines M. Foster for Zcalo Public Square writes that its use was regional and tied to the memory of the war. (Toppling statues is a first step toward ending Confederate myths.).